Chapter 19: 1-3
Laws Pertaining to Additions
1. In the winter, in the second blessing of the Shemoneh Esreh, we recite
mashiv horuach umorid hagoshem, [praising G-d, who "causes the wind to blow
and the rain to fall"].
We begin making this addition during the musaf service of Sheminin Atzeres.
Before the congregation recites the Shemoneh Esreh, the sexton announces:
mashiv horuach umorid hagoshem. If he does not make this announcement, this
phrase is not recited by the congregation when they recite musaf.
On the festival, a sick person who prays alone at home, and similarly,
those who live in villages where there is no minyan, should wait to recite
musaf until the time when they are sure that musaf has been recited in the
cities. Then they should recite musaf, including this phrase.
Mashiv horuach umorid hagoshem is recited until musaf of the first day of
the holiday of Pesach; i.e., the congregation and the chazon recite it when
they recite the Shemoneh Esreh in a hushed tone. Afterwards, when the
chazon repeats the Shemoneh Esreh aloud, he does not recite it. [From then
on, it is not recited.]
Accordingly, someone who prays alone should pray early, so that he will be
able to recite musaf before the chazon has concluded reciting mashiv
horuach... in the cities, because someone who recites musaf after the
chazon has ceased reciting it should not recite mashiv horuach...
There are places where, in the summer, [instead of reciting mashiv horuach
umorid hagoshem,] they recite mashiv horuach umorid hatol [prasing G-d for
granting us dew]. In these places, the sexton should make an announcement
to this effect before musaf on the first day of Pesach. Then the
congregation makes this addition when praying in a hushed tone, and ceases
reciting morid hagoshem.
2. [The following rules apply] should a err and omit mashiv horuach umorid
hagoshem: If he remembers before he [concludes the second blessing of the
Shemoneh Esreh] ending mechayeh hameisim, he should recite it at the place
where he remembered. However, he should take care not to interrupt a
concept; for example, were he to remember after he recited um'kayem emunoso
("He fulfills His trust"), he should continue and say li'sheinei ofor ("to
those who sleep in the dust"). Then he should say mashiv horuach and then
continue the blessing Mi chomocho.*
* {If one remembers the omission of mashiv horuach... after reciting the
phrase v'ne'emon Attoh l'hchayos meisim, he should recite mashiv
horuach..., and then repeat the latter phrase (Mishnoh Beruroh 114:29).}
Alternatively, should he desire, he may begin mashiv horuach umorid
hagoshem, m'chalkel chayim..., saying the entire blessing over again.
Should he fail to remember until he concluded the blessing mechayeh
hameisim, he is required to begin the entire Shemoneh Esreh from the
beginning* (It is not sufficient to begin from Attoh gibbor, [the beginning
of the second blessing,] since, in this regard - i.e., a person who
concluded a blessing improperly - the first three blessings are considered
as one, and it is necessary to begin at the start of the Shemoneh Esreh.)
* {The Shulchon Oruch, Orach Chayim 114:6 states that even if a person has
already concluded the blessing mechayeh hameisim, as long as he has not
begun the following blessing, Attoh kodosh, he may recite mashiv horuach
umorid hagoshem. This prevents him from being forced to begin his prayers
again. The Shulchon Oruch HoRav and Mishnoh Beruroh accept this decision.}
If one erred and omitted this phrase during the evening, morning, or musaf
service of the first day of Pesach, he need not repeat his prayers.
20. If the person sitting near a colleague reciting the Shemoneh Esreh had
been sitting previously, and his colleague rose to recite the Shemoneh
Esreh at his side or in front of him, he is not required to get up, since
that colleague has entered "his domain." However, if the person praying
stood up to recite the Shemoneh Esreh behind him, causing the seated person
to be sitting in front of him, he should rise.
The above applies only when one is praying at home. However, if one is
praying in a place set aside for communal prayer - how much more so in a
synagogue which is set aside for anyone to pray - even if one had been
sitting previously [and a colleague began to recite the Shemoneh Esreh],
one must rise before him, since this place is designated for prayer.*
* {The Mishnoh Beruroh 102:13 allows a person studying Torah to remain
seated even under those circumstances.}
3. [The following rules apply] should a person from the communities where
it is customary to recite mashiv horuach umorid hatol in the summer recite
that phrase in the winter as well [instead of mashiv horuach umorid
hagoshem as required]: If he did not remember until after he bean reciting
the concluding blessing Boruch Attoh Ado-noi, he should continue mechayeh
hameisim. He need not begin his prayers again because he omitted the
mention of rain, since he did mention dew.
However, if he does remember before he mentions G-d's name, he should
recite morid hagoshem at the conclusion of a concept.
